Preparation,characterization and electrochemical properties of Nafion® doped poly(ortho-anisidine) Langmuir–Schaefer films

Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) films of poly(ortho-anisidine) (POAS) were fabricated by utilizing water and water acidified HCl as subphases, respectively. The uniformity of the films formation and the doping with Nafion were verified by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The morphology and the thickness of the POAS, HCl post-doping POAS and Nafion post-doping POAS LS films were investigated using atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of POAS LS films, HCl post-doping POAS and Nafion post-doping POAS were investigated and compared with our previously published work. The electrochemical switching time of HCl post-doping POAS and Nafion post-doping POAS LS films were also estimated.     

A partially insulated interface crack between a graded orthotropic coating and a homogeneous orthotropic substrate under heat flux supply

In this paper, thermal response of an orthotropic functionally graded coating-substrate structure with a partially insulated interface crack under heat flux supply is considered. It is assumed that there exists thermal resistance to heat conduction through the crack region. The mixed boundary value problems are reduced to a system of singular integral equations and solved numerically. Higher order asymptotic terms for the singular integral kernels are considered to improve the accuracy and the convergence efficiency of the numerical integrals. Numerical results are presented to show the effects of the orthotropy parameters, thermo-elastic nonhomogeneity parameters, and dimensionless thermal resistance on the temperature distribution and the thermal stress intensity factors (SIFs).     

First-order gradient damage theory

Taking the strain tensor, the scalar damage variable, and the damage gradient as the state variables of the Helmholtz free energy, the general expressions of the firstorder gradient damage constitutive equations are derived directly from the basic law of irreversible thermodynamics with the constitutive functional expansion method at the natural state. When the damage variable is equal to zero, the expressions can be simplified to the linear elastic constitutive equations. When the damage gradient vanishes, the expressions can be simplified to the classical damage constitutive equations based on the strain equivalence hypothesis. A one-dimensional problem is presented to indicate that the damage field changes from the non-periodic solutions to the spatial periodic-like solutions with stress increment. The peak value region develops a localization band. The onset mechanism of strain localization is proposed. Damage localization emerges after damage occurs for a short time. The width of the localization band is proportional to the internal characteristic length.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的自成核结晶行为

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了自成核对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的结晶行为的影响. 研究结果表明, PBS的有效自成核温度处理区间为118～120 ℃. PBS经自成核处理后结晶温度提高, 可以在100~118 ℃温度区间内迅速结晶. 同时, 研究了自成核处理后样品在100～104 ℃范围内的等温结晶行为、动力学过程及熔融行为. 结果表明, 随着等温结晶温度的升高, 结晶速率变慢, 熔融曲线出现多重熔融峰. Hoffman-Weeks方程分析结果表明, 自成核处理对PBS的平衡熔点没有影响. Avrami等温结晶动力学方程适合分析自成核处理样品的等温结晶动力学过程, 获得其动力学参数K与n, 其中n值偏大的原因在于自成核的样品结晶生长点增多. 根据Arrhenius方程, 计算获得PBS自成核处理后等温结晶活化能为-286 kJ/mol.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Ni-TiN Composite Films

Ni-TiN nanocomposite films were produced from a Ni plating bath containing TiN nanopar-ticles by using dc electroplating method. The structure and surface morphology of Ni-TiN composite coatings were analyzed by atom force microscope, X-ray diffraction, and trans-mission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the anti-corrosion properties, hardness and ther-mostability of Ni-TiN nanocomposite films were also investigated and compared with the traditional polycrystalline Ni coatings. The results show that, compared with the tradi-tional polycrystalline Ni film, Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings display much better corrosion resistance, higher film hardness, and thermal stability. In addition, the hardness of Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings decreases slightly with the increase of electroplating current density,which may be due to the synergism of hydrogen evolution and faster nucleation/growth rate of nickel crystallites.     

原子转移自由基聚合技术制备新型手性配体交换色谱固定相及对手性化合物的拆分

采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术, 以溴代硅胶为引发剂, CuCl/2,2'-联吡啶(Bpy)为催化体系, 水为溶剂, N-丙烯酰基-L-脯氨酸为单体, 室温下在硅胶表面进行聚合反应, 制得硅胶接枝聚N-丙烯酰基-L-脯氨酸分子刷. 通过改变ATRP反应体系中单体的量, 制备了3种不同键合量且键合量可控的手性配体交换色谱固定相, 利用元素分析和热重分析对其进行表征. 考察了配体接枝率、 流动相Cu²⁺浓度、 pH值和柱温等对DL-氨基酸和α-羟基酸拆分的影响, 优化了色谱分离条件, 探讨了拆分过程的热力学. 结果表明, 所合成的手性配体交换色谱固定相能够分离9种DL-氨基酸和α-羟基酸, 其中DL-酪氨酸、 DL-色氨酸和DL-苏氨酸3种氨基酸可同时进行拆分, 且拆分过程由熵控制.     

质子化g-C3N4/β-SiC复合材料的制备及光催化降解茜素红性能

分别采用热解法和溶胶-凝胶-碳热还原法合成了石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)和纳米级碳化硅(β-SiC), 通过浸渍-热处理法将两者复合并通过浓盐酸质子化, 分别制备了g-C₃N₄/β-SiC和质子化g-C₃N₄/β-SiC(P-g-C₃N₄/β-SiC)复合光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, P-g-C₃N₄/β-SiC复合材料的比表面积增大, 光生电子-空穴对的复合几率降低, 光催化性能明显提高. 在光催化降解染料茜素红(ARS)研究中, 样品的可见光催化活性顺序为P-g-C₃N₄/β-SiC>g-C₃N₄/β-SiC>P-g-C₃N₄>g-C₃N₄>β-SiC. 其中P-g-C₃N₄/β-SiC在60 min内对ARS的降解效率高达99.9%, 符合准一阶动力学模型, 速率常数为0.0967 min ^-1, 且循环使用9次后, 光催化降解效率仍保持97.5%以上.     

贮藏期内灵武长枣果糖含量的高光谱预测

高光谱成像可将图像和光谱相结合,同时获得目标对象的图像和光谱信息,已在农产品定性和定量分析检测方面得到广泛利用。利用可见-近红外高光谱成像结合化学计量学方法对贮藏期内灵武长枣果糖含量进行无损检测。采用高效液相色谱测量长枣果糖含量的化学值,可见-近红外高光谱系统采集长枣的高光谱图像,提取每个样本感兴趣区域的平均光谱;建立长枣贮藏期的径向基核函数支持向量机（radial basis kernel function support vector machine,RBF-SVM）模型;分别选用正交信号校正法（orthogonal signal correction,OSC）、多元散射校正（multiplicative scatter correction,MSC）、中值滤波（median-filter,MF）、卷积平滑（savitzky-golay,SG）、归一化（normalization,Nor）、高斯滤波（gaussian-filter,GF）和标准正态变换（standard normalized variate,SNV）等方法对原始光谱进行预处理;为减少数据量,降低维度,提高运算速度,采用反向区间偏最小二乘法（backward interval partial least squares,BiPLS）、间隔随机蛙跳算法（interval random frog,IRF）和竞争性自适应加权算法（competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS）对光谱数据提取特征变量;建立全波段和特征波段的偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）和主成分回归（principle component regression,PCR）长枣果糖含量预测模型。结果表明：RBF-SVM判别模型校正集准确率为98.04%,预测集准确率为97.14%,能很好地预测长枣的贮藏期;利用BiPLS, IRF及CARS进行降维处理,提取特征波长个数为100, 63和23,占原光谱数据的80%,50.4%和18.4%;为简化模型运算过程并提高模型精度,采用CARS算法对BiPLS及IRF算法所选取的特征波长进行二次筛选,分别优选出18和15个特征波长,占原光谱数据的14.4%和12%,显著减少特征波长数;将全波段光谱与提取出的特征波长分别建立长枣果糖含量的PLSR及PCR预测模型,优选出CARS提取特征波长建立的PLSR模型效果最优,其中校正集的相关系数R_c=0.854 4,均方根误差RMSEC=0.005 3,预测集的相关系数R_p=0.830 3,均方根误差RMSEP=0.005 7,说明CARS有效地对光谱进行降维,简化了数据处理过程。研究表明,利用可见-近红外高光谱成像结合化学计量学方法及计算机编程,可以有效的实现灵武长枣果糖含量的快速无损分析,为灵武长枣内部品质的检测提供理论依据。     

高精度格式非线性权的统计谱特性分析

分析激波捕捉格式/混合格式中常用的非线性权和激波识别器在谱空间中的性质.设计一套分析非线性权和激波识别器在傅里叶空间性质的统计谱特性分析方法;利用该方法对不同的非线性权和激波识别器在傅里叶空间的性质进行详细分析,给出不同非线性权和激波识别器的统计特性,并比较优劣.分析方法和结论有助于深入理解非线性格式/混合格式在数值计算中的表现,并为设计高分辨率非线性格式提供理论支撑.     

温和条件下柱前标记-高效液相色谱-质谱法测定枸杞多糖中单糖组成

基于高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析技术（HPLC-MS）,在温和的NH₃·H₂O条件下,采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）衍生化试剂成功地标记了果糖及多种醛单糖,同时提出了PMP标记果糖的衍生化机理。采用Kromasil-C18色谱柱（100 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm）分离,梯度洗脱,选择离子模式检测,建立了8种常见单糖标记物的结构确认及含量测定的分析方法。该方法在一定质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性（相关系数> 0.9947）,检出限为0.003~0.05 mg/L,定量限为0.01~0.15 mg/L。平均回收率为65.1%~116.2%,相对标准偏差≤10.2%（n=5）。自制4个产地枸杞多糖,对其单糖组成的分析结果表明,它们均由甘露糖、果糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和脱氧核糖8种单糖组成,但各种单糖含量的分布有较大的差异。该法简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于水热法水解枸杞多糖水解液中单糖标记物结构的确认及测定,对规范植物多糖的质量控制具有重要意义。